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Large Scale Infrastructure Projects: The Art of Project or Change Management?

Geert Letens,Kurt Verweire,Peter De Prins

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 197-202 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016033

摘要： Although it is generally understood that change is a fundamental component of managing projects in the construction industry in general and an inevitable challenge for large scale infrastructure project in particular, there has been little to no attention in the literature to understand change in this context from a more holistic perspective. For this purpose, this work looks at change through the eyes of a framework of six batteries of change that seem essential to charge an organization’s capabilities for change. The framework brings together the expertise of four specialists that all have developed their insights over many years of study and practice, and has been validated through an extensive review of the management literature on organization development and change. Reflections on the application of this model in the construction industry and in large scale infrastructure projects demonstrate that energizing organizations to successfully deal with change goes beyond the traditional techniques of managing change from a program or project management perspective. Assessing the six batteries of change in this context can help organizations to develop capabilities for change that build change energy by balancing formal/rational methods with informal/emotional interventions at both a local (department/subproject) and global (business) level.

关键词： large scale project management organization development and change batteries of change model

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发展高新技术必先营造制度环境

郭重庆

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 55-58

摘要：

结合国内外专家对经济增长源泉认识的不同观点及我国企业的现状和面临的问题，认为营造制度环境和管理创新是发展我国高新技术的关键。

关键词：高新技术经济发展制度创新管理创新

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Drivers of the development of global climate-change-mitigation technology: a patent-based decomposition

Liying SONG, Jun JING, Kerui DU, Zheming YAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 487-498 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0739-y

摘要： The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy studies. Nevertheless, very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differently to global development. This paper decomposed the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology, proxied by patent-based indicators, from 1996 to 2015 into several predefined factors. The results show that the worldwide surge of climate-change-mitigation-technology patents from 1996 to 2011 is driven by increased concentration on green invention, improved research intensity, and enlarged economic scale, while the falling of patent counts from 2011 to 2015 is predominantly due to less concentration on green invention. Among different climate-change-mitigation technologies, the type-specific development is attributed to different dominant factors, and the resulting priority change can reflect the shift of both global research and development (R&D) resource and market demand. Regarding regional contributions, the resulting economy-specific contributions to each driving factor can be used to design the policies to promote the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology.

关键词： climate change mitigation technology development logarithmic mean Divisia index green patents

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The 2015 International Summit Forum on Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy, the 205th

China Engineering Management Forum Organization Committee

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 195-197 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015032

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调整结构　转型发展

杜祥琬

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第3期页码 4-7

摘要：

在经历了30年高速发展之后，我国已进入了一个调整结构、转型发展的关键期。笔者分析了在GDP(gross domestic product)结构、分配结构、产业结构、能源结构等方面存在的问题和结构调整的方向。在此基础上阐述了转变发展方式的内涵和必要性，以及转变发展方式的五个坚持。指出：不良的经济增长会损害未来，战略机遇期首先是转变发展方式的机遇期。转变发展方式必须转变政绩观，改进政绩评价体系。最后，提出了工程领域转型发展的几个方向。

关键词：调整结构转型发展工程领域

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Industrial development and land use/cover change and their effects on local environment: a case study

Yurui LI, Hualou LONG, Yansui LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 438-448 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0273-3

摘要： The interactions among industrial development, land use/cover change (LUCC), and environmental effects in Changshu in the eastern coastal China were analyzed using high-resolution Landsat TM data in 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2006, socio-economic data and water environmental quality monitoring data from research institutes and governmental departments. Three phases of industrial development in Changshu were examined (i.e., the three periods of 1990 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, and 2000 to 2006). Besides industrial development and rapid urbanization, land use/cover in Changshu had changed drastically from 1990 to 2006. This change was characterized by major replacements of farmland by urban and rural settlements, artificial ponds, forested and constructed land. Industrialization, urbanization, agricultural structure adjustment, and rural housing construction were the major socio-economic driving forces of LUCC in Changshu. In addition, the annual value of ecosystem services in Changshu decreased slightly during 1990–2000, but increased significantly during 2000–2006. Nevertheless, the local environmental quality in Changshu, especially in rural areas, has not yet been improved significantly. Thus, this paper suggests an increased attention to fully realize the role of land supply in adjustment of environment-friendly industrial structure and urban-rural spatial restructuring, and translating the land management and environmental protection policies into an optimized industrial distribution and land-use pattern.

关键词： industrial development land use/cover change (LUCC) driving forces environmental effects ecosystem services value (ESV) water environmental quality Changshu

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Climate change and sandy land development in Qinghai Lake Watershed, China

SUN Yongliang, LI Xiaoyan, LIU Lianyou, XU Heye, ZHANG Dengshan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 340-348 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0045-5

摘要： The Qinghai Lake Watershed, containing the largest saline lake in northwest of China, has suffered from severe sandy land development in recent years. This paper analyzes its daily precipitation, temperature, and wind from 1958 to 2001, and the spatial and temporal distributions of sandy land through the interpretation of remote sensing images covering four years (1977, 1987, 2000, and 2004). Results showed that since the middle of the 1960s, the daily precipitation () of 0 < ≤ 5 mm decreased, while the > 20 mm increased significantly ( < 0.05) in their annual total amounts and days. The maximum daily precipitation also increased significantly. Both the maximum dry spell and the total dry spell of more than ten days had a significant upward trend. Since the beginning of the 1960s, all the extremely high, extremely low and mean temperatures increased significantly ( < 0.01), at a rate of 0.1°C/10a, 0.2°C/10a, and 0.2°C/10a, respectively. The days with extremely high temperature had a significant upward trend, while the days with extremely low temperature had a significant downward trend. The Qinghai Lake was significantly shrinking ( < 0.01) and provided abundant sediments for Aeolian erosion. The NNW wind prevailed in the watershed, and the largest scale wind was from the west and concentrated on the dry months. As a result, the sandy land was mainly born on the east bank of Qinghai Lake. The total sandy land area in the watershed had grown from 587.4 km, 660.7 km, 697.6 km to 805.8 km, accordingly, its area percentage growing from 2.0%, 2.2%, 2.4% to 2.7%, respectively.

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绿色船舶低碳发展趋势与应对策略

郑洁, 柳存根,林忠钦

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 94-102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.012

摘要：

近年来，船舶航运业带来的环境污染问题受到国际社会的高度关注。规制船舶环境污染和降耗减排的国际公约及相关规划文件相继出台，且标准、规范日益严苛，绿色低碳已成为船舶航运业发展的必然趋势。本文在分析国际海事组织碳减排初步战略的基础上，阐述了挪威、日本、英国在绿色船舶领域的发展现状，归纳了国外在政策引导、技术方向、国际合作等方面促进绿色船舶发展的共性优势。结合国内绿色船舶发展情况，从强化政府主导、制定国家和行业层面的绿色船舶发展规划，布局技术攻关、加快推进船舶替代燃料的市场化应用进程，实施开放合作、在提升核心竞争力的同时引领国际行业发展三方面就我国绿色船舶发展提出建议。

关键词：绿色船舶，国际海事组织，碳减排，发展趋势

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Construction of digital 3D magic-cube organization structure for innovation-driven manufacturing

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 373-390 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0237-x

摘要： Owing to the heterogeneity between functional units and resource scarcity, manufacturing firms have been struggling with intra-organizational coordination for productivity and innovation. Traditional organizational structures, such as linear-functional and matrix, may cause responsibility division and independent goals (Shahani, 2020), and are more difficult to be adopted by large-sized innovative manufacturing firms for quantity production. This is based on a review of several new forms of organization (i.e., network organization, multiteam system, and platform organization) compared with the traditional forms of organization (i.e., linear, matrix, and business unit organization, among others). This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) magic-cube organizational structure, considering the product dimensions, business, and administration. Moreover, the characteristics, propositions of system operation, system dynamic model, and working model of the 3D magic-cube organization are described. Finally, the 3D model is applied in a Chinese manufacturing firm to test its effectiveness. By redesigning the post and pay system, the pilot organization establishes a project-driven and cross-functional coordination mechanism, positively affecting the firm’s financial profit, output value, labor productivity, and income of per capita. The proposed 3D model can be adopted by large- or medium-sized manufacturing firms for product development and innovation. The implications of both practice and theory are also discussed in this study.

关键词： innovation manufacturing 3D magic-cube organization structure coordination

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空调硬卧车内气流组织的数值模拟研究

张登春

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 66-72

摘要：

空调车内气流组织研究是车厢内热环境控制的基础，合理的车内气流组织可有效地改善乘客的冷热舒适性。采用k-ε湍流模型对25K型空调硬卧车内气流组织进行了数值模拟，研究了不同送风方式和送风参数下车内空气流场和温度场分布规律，并与实验结果进行了对照，两者基本一致。研究结果对于改善硬卧车内人体冷热舒适性提供了理论依据，对车内气流组织优化设计有指导意义。

关键词：硬卧车湍流模型气流组织数值模拟

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Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要： Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词： cyber–physical systems Industrial Internet of Things smart manufacturing complex networks self-organization and self-adaption analytical target cascading collaborative optimization

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技术总体组织在工程中的地位与作用

王连成

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第4期页码 16-21

摘要：

随着工程对象系统规模的扩大和复杂程度的提高，在工程技术组织中涌现出了一类崭新的组织--工程技术总体组织。文章概述了它们产生的历史意义，讨论了它们的体系结构、地位与作用、工作对象与工作内容，论述了它们的工作应依据的理论基础以及必须掌握和使用的主要工作方法和工作手段，分析了它们的组成人员的结构和它们与工程技术专业组织之间的正常关系。

关键词：工程工程系统工程系统论工程组织总体组织

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张运良：新场景下的知识组织变革（2020年11月6日）

2022年10月14日

关键词：信息技术

Silk Roads for the 21st Century: Engineering Mega-Infrastructure for Development and Sustainability

Tony Marjoram

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016038

摘要： Infrastructure facilitates the movement of people, the production and distribution of goods and services, and underpins development. Infrastructure is expensive and long-lasting, and needs long-term policy, planning and management, in terms of design, construction, operation and maintenance. Infrastructure relates particularly to engineering and technology. All technological change brings economic, social, cultural and environmental change, planned and unpredicted. Mega levels of technology bring mega levels of change, effects and impacts. Mega infrastructure such as the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) initiative, announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013, will require equally mega policy, planning and management. This paper will discuss policy, planning and management issues relating to mega infrastructure and the OBOR initiative, with particular reference to energy, communications, transportation, health, emergency preparedness and response, and less predictable areas of change, for example in disease prevention and control, within the overall need for economic, environmental and ecological sustainability. The paper will discuss associated needs for education, training and capacity building in engineering. The paper will also refer to lessons learnt from the original Silk Road in the context of the development of civilizations and intercultural dialogue through the transfer of goods, services, technologies, ideas, knowledge, customs, cultures and philosophies, less predictable and unwanted transfers, for example of disease, and the need for awareness, policy, planning and management of such wider issues.

关键词： infrastructure growth development sustainability change new Silk Roads

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世界IC产业的发展趋势及启示

吴广谋,曹杰,王波

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 127-131

摘要：

在分析我国集成电路（IC）产业发展过程和现状的基础上，分析了世界IC产业的发展趋势，结合我国 IC产业的特点和世界IC产业的发展趋势，提出了如何加快发展我国IC产业的７点建议，包括：建立松散型纵向结构的IC企业组织模式；加大重点投资、制订优惠政策；优化产业结构，提升产业能力；鼓励整机厂商和 IC设计企业之间的协作；加快发展IC产业集群；建设国家级研发中心，提升研发能力；大力加强人才培养，营造成才环境。

关键词：集成电路(IC) 系统集成芯片(SOC) 产业组织